THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FOUNDATIONS FOR RESOURCE-EFFICIENT OPTIMIZATION OF SPRINKLER IRRIGATION USING A LOW-PRESSURE DEFLECTOR NOZZLE UNDER ARID CLIMATE CONDITIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21466983Keywords:
low-pressure sprinkler irrigation; deflector nozzle; water droplets; evaporation losses; wind drift; irrigation uniformity; Christiansen coefficient; arid climate; resource-efficient irrigationAbstract
This study presents the theoretical and experimental foundations for
the resource-efficient optimization of sprinkler irrigation using a low-pressure
deflector nozzle under arid climate conditions. Particular attention is given to water
droplet motion, droplet formation mechanisms, and evaporation losses, considering
aerodynamic drag and the influence of external environmental factors.
Water droplet motion was described using differential equations based on
Newton’s second law, while droplet diameter was evaluated as a function of outlet
velocity, nozzle orifice diameter, surface tension, and fluid density. Evaporation
and wind drift losses were analyzed as functions of air temperature, relative
humidity, wind velocity, and droplet size, allowing assessment of their combined
impact on irrigation efficiency.
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